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This new example works much like the example you ve already seen, javascripthtml, except that the JavaScript is external to the web page You ll see this often in Ajax you can find large JavaScript libraries of prewritten code that can run to dozens of pages Some of that code is written to support Ajax for you so that you only have to write minimal code, and in that case, those libraries are called Ajax frameworks (see 5) When you use such a framework, it would be awkward if you had to include its whole code dozens of pages of it in your own web pages The solution is that Ajax frameworks package their JavaScript in external files, and you simply refer to that code as you see here, with the <script> element s src attribute Problem solved Okay, up to this point, the JavaScript code you ve seen was executed by the browser as soon as the page containing that JavaScript was loaded But what if you want to run your JavaScript for example, to display new text only after the page is loaded and the user has clicked a button That s coming up next

10 Proximity sensing is most closely akin to (a) direction measurement (b) edge detection (c) range plotting (d) binaural machine hearing 11 A telechir is always used in conjunction with a specialized system of (a) track drive (b) wheel drive (c) remote control (d) ionization potential measurement 12 A limit to the distance over which telepresence is practical is imposed by (a) the speed of EM wave propagation (b) the image resolution of the vision system (c) the ability of a robot to determine texture (d) all of the above 13 The ionization potential of the air can be determined in order to (a) detect smoke (b) plot distances and directions (c) measure slope (d) detect boundaries 14 Two-dimensional range plotting (a) takes place along a single geometric line (b) takes place in a single geometric plane (c) is done using spherical coordinates (d) requires an ultrasonic sonar system 15 Spherical coordinates can uniquely define the position of a point in up to (a) one dimension (b) two dimensions (c) three dimensions (d) four dimensions 16 The total number of ways in which a robot arm can move is known as (a) functional orientation (b) degrees of freedom (c) dimensional versatility (d) coordinate geometry

So far, your JavaScript has been run as soon as the page was loaded:

17 The region in space throughout which a robot arm can accomplish tasks is called its (a) coordinate geometry (b) reference axis (c) reference frame (d) work envelope 18 A robot arm that moves along three independent axes, each of which is straight and perpendicular to the other two, employs (a) revolute geometry (b) spherical coordinate geometry (c) Cartesian coordinate geometry (d) cylindrical coordinate geometry 19 Fill in the blank to make the following sentence true: A color vision system can use three grayscale cameras, equipped with filters that pass light (a) red, yellow, and blue (b) blue, red, and green (c) white, black, and gray (d) orange, green, and violet 20 A robot typically determines the steepness of a slope by means of (a) an epipolar navigation system (b) a clinometer (c) an end effector (d) a proximity sensor

<html> <head> <title>This is a first JavaScript example</title> <script language="javascript"> documentwrite("<h1>Welcome to JavaScript!</h1>"); </script> </head> <body> This is a first JavaScript example </body> </html>

DO NOT REFER TO THE TEXT WHEN TAKING THIS TEST A GOOD SCORE IS AT LEAST 37 CORRECT Answers are in the back of the book It s best to have a friend check your score the first time, so you won t memorize the answers if you want to take the test again

But you may want to execute some code only when something happens, such as a mouse click or when a character is typed In that case, you can set up your JavaScript code to respond to browser events (like mouse clicks or key presses) An event is just what it sounds like something s happened; the user clicked a button, for example What events are available Here are some common ones that you might see in Ajax applications:

onabort onblur onchange onclick ondblclick ondragdrop onerror onfocus onkeydown onkeypress onkeyup onload onmousedown onmousemove onmouseout onmouseover onmouseup onreset onresize onsubmit onunload